Poster Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran BioMedical Engineering And Imaging Institute


Poster — Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran


BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute



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Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran


Keerthana is a senior research fellow at the BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, where she focuses on developing advanced imaging algorithms for early disease detection. Her work combines:





Deep learning techniques with classical image‑processing pipelines


Multimodal data fusion (CT, MRI, PET) to enhance diagnostic accuracy


Real‑time visualization tools that aid clinicians during minimally invasive procedures



She earned her Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the Institute of Technology, where she investigated machine‑learning models for automated tumor segmentation. Keerthana has published over 20 peer‑reviewed papers and presented at international conferences such as MICCAI and ISBI.

When not coding or reviewing manuscripts, she enjoys hiking, experimenting with new recipes, and mentoring graduate students in research methodology.



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References




Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2020). Deep Learning for Tumor Segmentation: A Review. Journal of Medical Imaging, 12(3), 145‑162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmi.2020.04.003


Brown, R. et al. (2019). Applications of CNNs in Medical Image Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 66(7), 2105‑2118. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2898764



All URLs and DOIs are current as of the time of writing.

Coleman Kieran, 19 years
Anabolic Steroids: Uses, Side Effects, And Alternatives


All About Anabolic Steroids



An exhaustive guide to what anabolic steroids are, why people use them, the risks involved, and safer alternatives.

(Word count: ~2 800 words)




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1. What Are Anabolic Steroids?



Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. They’re designed to maximize "anabolic" (muscle‑building) effects while minimizing "androgenic" (masculinizing) side effects. Commonly, they’re produced by chemically altering testosterone’s structure so that it can be taken orally or injected and still remain active in the body.




1.1 Key Characteristics




Anabolic: Promote protein synthesis → muscle growth, increased strength, faster recovery.


Androgenic: Can cause virilization (deepening voice, facial hair).


Oral vs. Injectable: Oral forms are often acetylated or esterified to survive digestion; injectable forms use esters that release slowly in the bloodstream.




1.2 Examples of Popular Steroids



Class Common Name Typical Use Primary Effects


Testosterone (base) Testolactone, testosterone propionate Hormone replacement, performance enhancement Muscle growth, libido boost


Anabolic-only Nandrolone decanoate, stanozolol Performance enhancement, bodybuilding Lean muscle gain, minimal androgenic side effects


Conversion inhibitors 17α‑Methyltestosterone Preventing aromatization to estrogen Reduced water retention, increased testosterone


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How Steroids Work (Mechanism of Action)




Hormone Binding


- The steroid hormone enters a cell and binds to a specific intracellular receptor (often in the cytoplasm).

- The hormone‑receptor complex undergoes conformational change.





Nuclear Translocation


- The complex moves into the nucleus of the cell.



Gene Regulation


- Inside the nucleus, it attaches to DNA sequences called hormone response elements (HREs).

- This action either up‑regulates or down‑regulates the transcription of target genes.





Protein Production


- Transcribed mRNA is translated into proteins that mediate physiological changes:

- Muscle growth and repair,

- Metabolism adjustments,

- Immune modulation, etc.





Physiological Outcomes


- Enhanced muscle protein synthesis → hypertrophy.

- Reduced protein breakdown → preservation of mass.

- Altered energy metabolism (e.g., increased lipolysis).




The process is highly dose‑dependent; small changes in hormone concentration can lead to significant shifts in gene expression and thus body composition.



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3. Key Hormones that Influence Body Composition



Hormone Primary Role in Body Composition Typical Direction of Change with Resistance Training How It Affects Body Fat / Muscle


Testosterone (incl. DHT) Anabolic hormone, promotes protein synthesis and muscle growth. ↑ after resistance training (especially heavy sets). ↑ muscle mass; ↓ fat deposition due to increased metabolism.


Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulates IGF‑1 production; anabolic in nature. ↑ with high‑intensity, low‑rep work & short rest periods. ↑ lean tissue; moderate effect on fat loss via lipolysis.


Insulin‑Like Growth Factor‑1 (IGF‑1) Mediator of GH effects; activates satellite cells. ↑ with training; especially after resistance exercise. ↑ muscle hypertrophy; may improve insulin sensitivity.


Testosterone Primary anabolic steroid in men. ↑ after strength work, especially with heavy loads and brief rest. ↑ protein synthesis; ↑ lean mass; ↓ fat mass.


Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulated by exercise intensity. ↑ during intense training. ↑ lipolysis; ↑ protein synthesis; ↑ muscle growth.


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3. How These Hormones Work Together




Initiation – Mechanical Stress


Strength training produces micro‑damage in muscle fibers and mechanical tension on sarcomeres. This signals cells to activate intracellular pathways (e.g., mTOR) that drive protein synthesis.



Hormonal Amplification


• Testosterone & GH: Increase anabolic signaling, augment satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.

• Insulin: Following a carbohydrate‑protein meal post‑exercise, insulin facilitates glucose uptake and amino acid transport into muscle cells, providing the building blocks for new proteins.






Protein Synthesis vs. Degradation


The net protein balance depends on the relative rates of synthesis (↑ by anabolic hormones) versus degradation (↓ if catabolic stimuli are minimized). A positive balance leads to increases in cross‑sectional area and strength.



Recovery & Adaptation


Adequate rest allows time for satellite cells to fuse with myofibers, complete protein assembly, and remodel the muscle architecture. Chronic training amplifies this cycle, producing cumulative hypertrophic gains.





3. Practical Training Strategies That Maximize Hormonal Response



Strategy Rationale Implementation


High‑Intensity Resistance Sessions (≥80 % 1RM) Greater mechanical tension → ↑EPOC and catecholamine release Worksets: 3–5 reps × 4–6 sets; rest 2–3 min


Progressive Overload & Periodization Sustained stimulus maintains hormonal sensitivity Linear or undulating progression; macro‑cycles of 8–12 weeks


Compound Multi‑Joint Movements (squat, deadlift, bench) Larger muscle mass recruited → higher metabolic demand Prioritize these lifts in the training week


Short Rest Intervals & Supersets Limits recovery → increases catecholamine surge Between 60–90 sec rest; pair opposing muscle groups


High‑Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Post‑exercise oxygen debt elevates EPOC and metabolic rate 4×4 min intervals at >80% HRmax, active recovery 3 min


Progressive Overload & Volume Cycling Ensures continuous adaptation and sustained caloric burn Increase load/sets every 4–6 weeks


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5. Practical Example: Weekly Routine (≈4‑hour total training time)



Day Session Key Focus Estimated Duration


Mon Resistance – Upper body + HIIT cardio Strength + high‑intensity stimulus 90 min


Tue Rest / Light mobility Recovery 30 min


Wed Full‑body resistance (compound lifts) + 20 min steady‑state cardio Endurance & metabolic conditioning 120 min


Thu Rest or active recovery (yoga, walking) Mobility 45 min


Fri Lower body resistance + HIIT sprint intervals Power + anaerobic capacity 90 min


Sat Optional long walk / recreational activity Lifestyle movement 60 min


Sun Rest Recovery 0


> Tip:

> • Alternate HIIT and steady‑state cardio to give the body time to recover.

> • Incorporate a "warm‑up" (5–10 min of light aerobic or mobility work) before each resistance session.

> • Use progressive overload: increase weight, add sets, or reduce rest periods over weeks.



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4️⃣ Nutrition Cheat Sheet



Goal Target Tips


Calorie intake ~1800–2000 kcal/day (adjusted to weight‑loss rate) Use a food diary app; track portions with kitchen scale or measuring cups.


Protein 1.2–1.5 g/kg body weight (~85–95 g) Include protein at each meal: Greek yogurt, eggs, chicken breast, tofu, beans.


Carbs ~40–45% of total kcal (180–200 g) Focus on complex carbs: oats, quinoa, sweet potatoes; limit sugary drinks.


Fats ~25–30% of total kcal (55–70 g) Use healthy oils, nuts, avocado; avoid trans fats.


Fiber ≥25 g/day Vegetables, whole grains, fruits.


Hydration 2–3 L water per day Encourage sipping throughout the day.



Example Daily Meal Plan





Meal Food Items Portion Size Approx. Calories


Breakfast Oatmeal (1 cup cooked) with sliced banana, a handful of walnuts 1 serving ~350 kcal


Snack Greek yogurt (150 g) + berries 1 serving ~120 kcal


Lunch Grilled chicken breast (120 g) + quinoa salad (½ cup quinoa, mixed veggies) 1 plate ~450 kcal


Snack Apple + almond butter (1 tbsp) 1 serving ~200 kcal


Dinner Baked salmon (150 g) + steamed broccoli + sweet potato mash 1 plate ~550 kcal


Total ≈ 2,120 kcal






Macronutrients: Roughly 25–30 % protein (~135–160 g), 20–25 % fat (~45–55 g), remainder carbs (~280–320 g).


Micronutrients & Fiber: Whole‑food sources supply vitamins A, C, E, K; B‑complex; minerals (magnesium, potassium, calcium); and ~35 g fiber.


Adjustments: For more activity or higher caloric need, increase portion sizes of protein or healthy fats; for weight loss, reduce overall calories by ~200–300 kcal.



Key Takeaway: A balanced daily menu anchored in real foods delivers adequate energy, macronutrients, and a rich spectrum of micronutrients while minimizing processed‑food load. Pair this with consistent physical activity to optimize body composition and metabolic health.





3️⃣ Practical Tips for a Healthy Lifestyle



Goal Actionable Steps


Meal Prep Cook grains (brown rice, quinoa) in bulk; roast veggies weekly; portion into containers.


Mindful Snacking Keep nuts or fruit handy instead of packaged chips.


Hydration Aim for 2–3 L water daily; carry a reusable bottle.


Strength Training 2–3 sessions/week (bodyweight, dumbbells, resistance bands).


Cardio Variety Mix brisk walks, cycling, or HIIT intervals to keep it fun.


Sleep Hygiene 7–9 hrs/night; limit screen time before bed.


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Bottom Line




Yes, the Mediterranean diet can be a powerful tool for reducing body fat when combined with calorie control and physical activity.


The key is to treat it as a lifestyle rather than a short‑term fix: emphasize whole foods, healthy fats, lean proteins, fiber‑rich carbs, and plenty of plant matter.


Pair that with regular movement, mindful eating, adequate sleep, and hydration for best results.



Feel free to tweak portion sizes or specific food choices based on your preferences and energy needs—what matters most is consistency over time. Good luck!

Jani Marzano, 19 years
How To Buy Dbol The King Of Bulking Steroids

Understanding the Basics: A Quick Guide to Key Concepts



The world we live in is built on a foundation of shared ideas and practical knowledge. From everyday tools to complex systems, understanding the basics can help you navigate daily life more effectively. Below is a concise overview of some core concepts that shape our experiences.



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1. What Is "Function" in Everyday Life?


At its simplest, a function describes how something works or what it does. Think of a coffee maker: it takes water and beans as inputs, uses heat to transform them, and outputs a fresh cup of coffee. Recognizing the function of an object or process allows you to troubleshoot problems and use tools more efficiently.



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2. The Role of "Input" and "Output"




Input – Anything that goes into a system (e.g., ingredients, information, energy).


Output – The result produced by the system (e.g., finished product, data, heat).



Understanding inputs and outputs helps you see where things might fail. If a printer is not working, check whether it receives paper (input) and ink (input), and whether it produces printed pages (output).





3. Common Sources of Error



Category Typical Issues Quick Checks


Hardware Faulty connections, worn parts Verify cables, test with another device


Software/Drivers Outdated or corrupted drivers Update to latest version


Power Supply Inadequate voltage, battery drained Use a charger, check for warning lights


User Settings Wrong configuration, wrong mode Reset to default, confirm settings


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4. Troubleshooting Flow




Identify Symptom – e.g., device not turning on, error message.


Isolate the Cause


- Power? → Check charger/ battery.

- Connectivity? → Inspect cables or wireless link.

- Software? → Reinstall drivers, check for updates.





Apply Fix


- Replace faulty component (charger, cable).

- Reset device to factory settings.





Verify – Confirm that the issue is resolved; if not, go back to step 1.







5. Common Mistakes




Skipping Power Check – Many problems are simply due to a dead battery or faulty charger.


Assuming Hardware is Faulty When Software Issues Exist – A misconfigured driver can look like a hardware failure.


Ignoring Firmware Updates – Outdated firmware can cause instability.







6. Quick Reference



Symptom Likely Cause First Step


No power at all Charger or battery issue Test charger, check indicator lights


Intermittent connectivity Driver conflict or Wi‑Fi interference Reinstall driver, move to a less crowded channel


Slow performance on USB 3.0 port Power delivery problem Use a powered hub, check BIOS power settings


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Takeaway: Start with the simplest possibilities—power supply, drivers, firmware—before digging into deeper hardware diagnostics.



Let me know if you’d like help checking any of these items or setting up diagnostic tools!

Juan Maney, 19 years

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Primobolan is usually recommended for feminine users because of its milder nature and decrease danger of virilization symptoms compared to different steroids. Females using Primobolan may restrict cycles to shorter durations and lower dosages to forestall virilization whereas nonetheless achieving lean muscle positive aspects. Suggested protocols for feminine customers include 50mg to 100mg of Primobolan per week.
This muscle definition additional escalates the aesthetic appeal of the physique which is among the major goals for most bodybuilders. The NHS outlines broader risks of anabolic steroids, which all users ought to be conscious of. A Dianabol and Anadrol stack is the most deleterious for users’ liver and heart well being. We have detected significant shifts in LDL and HDL levels of cholesterol from this duo, resulting in exceedingly high blood pressure recordings over a hundred and eighty mmHg/120 mmHg.
The compounds Dianabol and Anadrol are highly estrogenic oral steroids which are each extraordinarily efficacious in constructing muscle and strength. These are usually transient unwanted effects, with bouts of zits and hair loss generally resolving post-cycle. Even so, the utilization of androgenic steroids for an prolonged time frame might result in extra extreme and enduring antagonistic results.
The particular dosage and administration schedule of a Take A Look At and Masteron cycle can differ depending on particular person goals, expertise, and other components. It is crucial for users to stick to the really helpful dosage and avoid any form of overdose. By following guidelines diligently, individuals can strike a stability that promotes the advantages of the cycle while minimizing potential risks. Bear In Mind, a cautious and measured approach to dosage ensures a safer and more positive experience throughout the cycle. Swolverine doesn't promote or condone the unlawful use of anabolic steroids or performance-enhancing drugs. All The Time seek the advice of a licensed medical provider before initiating any hormonal protocol, supplement routine, or restoration technique related to sleep, endocrine well being, or anabolic compound usage.
Not precisely – Primobolan is based on the dihydrotestosterone hormone, additionally known simply as DHT. This androgen hormone occurs naturally in the male physique via the conversion of testosterone. So, whereas it is much like testosterone, Primobolan is not derived from or based mostly on the testosterone hormone like many other steroids are. Muscle fullness and roundness, with a noticeably dry and onerous physique with reasonably enhanced vascularity, is what you can anticipate at doses of 600mg or more (sometimes even lower). Primobolan has been used primarily for treating anemia and muscle-wasting ailments since its development within the 1960s. However, it's hardly ever used in most nations today, and this steroid isn’t manufactured within the US at all. As you’ll quickly uncover about Primobolan (and something I like to mention regularly), this is called a very secure AAS.
Pairing a well-rounded food regimen and a daily train schedule are indispensable accompaniments to any Deca regimen. It is crucial to know that the effectiveness of this compound doesn't perform in isolation. Encouragingly, those that adhere strictly to this holistic approach regularly testify to the optimistic positive aspects they witness when taking Deca Durabolin. With this in mind, individuals considering a cycle should weigh up the professionals and cons, contemplate potential unwanted effects, and assume through the dedication a successful cycle requires. Correct PCT requires careful planning and extra supplements, contributing to the general value of a cycle. An important facet to contemplate when utilizing the injections is figuring out the appropriate cycle and dosage. As previously mentioned, cycles can vary from 8-12 weeks, with dosages various based mostly on particular person wants and expertise levels.
This is followed by a four-week break, during which time you want to continue to train and eat accurately to keep up your gains. This cycle uses totally different steroids together with Deca and might help you get more features in comparatively smaller spans of time. The steroids that you use are Deca, Testosterone Cypionate, Dianabol, Human Development Hormones (HGH) and Arimidex.
It does this by rising the production of pink blood cells, which carry oxygen to the muscular tissues. This allows the muscle tissue to work more durable and longer, which leads to elevated power and measurement. As you can see, there are a variety of various steroids that might be cycled with Anadrol.
The most common use of Nandrolone is in bulking cycles the place it’s stacked with testosterone and other steroids; Dianabol is another very commonly used AAS with Deca or NPP. For guys using NPP for bodybuilding, a dosage of up to 400mg weekly is good. This strikes the right balance between reaping the benefits while keeping the facet impact danger minimal.
This killer bulking stack brings on outcomes quickly, with Dianabol kicking off the cycle. You could extend this cycle properly past 12 weeks with solely Testosterone Cypionate if you choose to. If you’re on the intermediate stage, then you will doubtless need to combine Testosterone Cypionate with other steroids in a stacked cycle, corresponding to Deca-Durabolin and Dianabol. A basic Testosterone Cypionate cycle that uses no other AAS is so easy as attainable. It’s a cycle that ought to be the primary port of call for any brand-new steroid consumer – as a result of Testosterone Cypionate is the most secure steroid we are able to use by far. Nevertheless, even skilled customers will proceed operating Testosterone Cypionate cycles frequently.

Darryl Dowse, 19 years

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