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Was ist Wachstumshormon (GH)?



Growth Hormone (GH), auch Somatotropin genannt, wird in der Hypophyse produziert und spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei Körperwachstum, Stoffwechselregulation und Muskelaufbau.






Warum werden GH-Spiegel gemessen?




Diagnose von GH-Störungen



- Hypo-GH (Mangel) → Wachstumsstörung bei Kindern, Gewichtsverlust, Muskelschwäche
- Hyper-GH (Übermaß) → Akromegalie, Diabetes, Herzinsuffizienz




Therapieüberwachung


- Bei GH-Ergänzung oder –Blockade


Sportmedizinische Untersuchungen


- Nachweis von HGH-Missbrauch






Blutwerte zur Beurteilung des Wachstumshormons



Parameter Normalbereich (männlich) Bemerkung


GH-Spiegel Hinweis: Werte variieren mit Alter, Geschlecht, Tageszeit und körperlicher Aktivität. Standardisiert werden oft „Stimulationstests" (Insulin-Toleranztest, GHRP-2) verwendet.



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Laborverfahren zur Messung



Verfahren Vorteile Nachteile


ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Hochsensitivität, einfach zu skalieren Kreuzreaktivität bei ähnlichen Proteinen möglich


Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Sehr genau, lange Tradition Radioaktive Substanzen – höhere Kosten


Massenspektrometrie Ultra-präzise, Identifizierung von Isoformen Hochkomplex und teuer



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Interpretation der Ergebnisse



Niedrige GH & IGF-1 → Hypo-GH


- Kinder: Wachstumsverlangsamung, geringe Körpergröße

- Erwachsene: Müdigkeit, Fettzunahme, Osteoporose




Hohe GH & IGF-1 → Hyper-GH (Akromegalie)


- Symptome: Vergrößerung von Händen/Füßen, Kieferwachstum, Herzprobleme



Normale Werte – Regelmäßige Kontrolle empfohlen bei Risikogruppen








Behandlungsmöglichkeiten



Störung Therapie


Hypo-GH Recombinant GH-Injektionen (z.B. Somatropin)


Hyper-GH Medikamentöse Hemmung (Somatostatin-Analogien), Chirurgie, Strahlentherapie



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Praktische Tipps für Patienten




Vor dem Test: Fasten nicht nötig, aber Ruhephase von mindestens 12 h empfohlen.


Medikamenteneinnahme: Melden Sie alle Hormone oder Diuretika dem Labor – sie können die Werte beeinflussen.


Ergebnisse verstehen: Bitten Sie Ihren Arzt um eine grafische Darstellung Ihrer Werte im Zeitverlauf.









Fazit



Wachstumshormon-Blutwerte sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Diagnostik und Therapie von Wachstumshormonschwankungen. Durch die Kombination aus GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 und ergänzenden Laborparametern erhalten Ärzte ein umfassendes Bild des Hormonstatus und können gezielt behandeln.



Growth Hormone (GH), auch bekannt als Somatotropin, ist ein Hormon, das von der Hypophyse produziert wird und eine zentrale Rolle bei Wachstum, Stoffwechsel und Zellreparatur spielt. Es wirkt systemisch und lokal, indem es die Produktion von Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in Leber und Gewebe anregt. IGF-1 vermittelt viele der Wachstumswirkungen von GH, wie zum Beispiel die Proliferation von Muskel- und Knochenzellen sowie die Umwandlung von Fettsäuren zu Energie.



GH – Auf einen Blick

Der menschliche Körper produziert täglich etwa 20 bis 30 Milligramm Growth Hormone, wobei die Konzentrationen im Blut im frühen Morgenhöchstwert liegen. Die Regulation erfolgt durch ein komplexes System aus Hypothalamus, Hypophyse und Feedbackmechanismen: Das hypothalamische GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone) stimuliert die Ausschüttung von GH, während Somatostatin die Freisetzung hemmt. Zusätzlich wirken negative Rückkopplungen durch IGF-1 auf das Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-System.



Die wichtigsten physiologischen Funktionen von GH umfassen:




Förderung des linear­en Wachstums bei Kindern und Jugendlichen


Anregung der Proteinsynthese und Hemmung des Proteinabbaus


Erhöhung der Lipolyse, wodurch Fettsäuren mobilisiert werden


Steigerung der Glukoseproduktion (Glukoneogenese) im Lebergewebe


Modulation von Enzymen, die den Zellstoffwechsel beeinflussen



Krankheiten & Symptome

Ein Ungleichgewicht des Growth Hormones kann zu verschiedenen Erkrankungen führen. Zu den häufigsten gehören:





Wachstumshormon-Mangel (GHD)


- Bei Kindern: Unterwachstum, niedrige Körpergröße, verzögerte Knochenentwicklung, oft begleitet von einer abnormen Kopf- und Gesichtsform.
- Bei Erwachsenen: Gewichtsveränderungen (zunehmende Fettmasse), verminderte Muskelmasse, Müdigkeit, schlechte Knochendichte und Herz-Kreislauf-Probleme.





Acromegalie


- Überproduktion von GH im Erwachsenenalter, meist durch ein gutartiges Hypophysenadenom.
- Symptome: Vergrößerung der Hände, Füße und Gesichtszüge; Kieferwachstum; Gelenkschmerzen; Hautverdickung; Hyperhidrose (übermäßiges Schwitzen); sowie sekundäre Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus oder Bluthochdruck.





Gigantismus


- GH-Überproduktion vor dem Schließ der epiphysären Wachstumsfugen bei Kindern.
- Resultiert in extremem Wachstum, oft mit Proportionenveränderungen und psychischen Problemen.





GH-Resistenz


- Selten, aber kann zu einer Anomalie des IGF-1-Spiegels führen trotz normaler GH-Ausschüttung.
- Symptome ähneln denen eines milden GHD: geringes Wachstum, niedrige Muskelmasse und erhöhter Fettanteil.



Diagnose und Behandlung

Zur Diagnose werden Bluttests für GH und IGF-1 sowie Bildgebung der Hypophyse (MRI) eingesetzt. Therapieansätze umfassen:





GH-Therapie bei Mangelzuständen: subkutane Injektionen von rekombinantem Growth Hormone, dosiert nach Körpergewicht oder IGF-1-Werten.


Medikamentöse Therapie (z.B. Somatostatin-Analogien) zur Unterdrückung der GH-Ausschüttung bei Überproduktion.


Chirurgische Entfernung von Hypophysenadenomen, falls notwendig.


Strahlentherapie als ergänzende Maßnahme.



Langfristige Folgen

Eine unkontrollierte GH-Überproduktion erhöht das Risiko für metabolische Syndrome, Herzinsuffizienz und bestimmte Krebsarten. Bei Mangelzuständen kann die Lebensqualität durch psychische Belastungen, muskuläre Schwäche und Knochendichteverluste beeinträchtigt werden. Regelmäßige ärztliche Kontrolle, Anpassung der Therapie und multidisziplinäre Betreuung sind entscheidend, um Komplikationen vorzubeugen.



Insgesamt spielt Growth Hormone eine Schlüsselrolle im menschlichen Körper. Ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis ist notwendig für gesundes Wachstum, Stoffwechselregulation und die Aufrechterhaltung von Muskel- und Knochengesundheit. Bei Verdacht auf Störungen sollte frühzeitig ärztlicher Rat eingeholt werden, um die bestmögliche Behandlung sicherzustellen.

Carmon Gower, 20 years
Turkesterone doesn’t increase testosterone but instead works by activating the Estrogen Receptor Beta. Instead, this plant steroid appears to work through entirely different pathways, and even then, research suggests its effects may be minimal or nonexistent. Common (but not guaranteed) side effects include upset stomach, nausea, and diarrhea, usually at higher doses than recommended. Furthermore, it does not alter the action of testosterone, thyroxine or prolactin. Can help with the rate of muscle recovery.
They may also present other benefits like mood and cognitive enhancement. You can buy testosterone online or at a brick-and-mortar store, as long as the vendor you’re buying from follows DEA guidelines. They are safe to take since they are made from natural ingredients.
It achieves increased MPS by optimizing the mRNA translation process and skyrocketing leucine uptake into the muscle cells. Let us take you through the benefits of Turkesterone and how it can help you improve your progress. Therefore, phytoecdysteroids like turkesterone are considered adaptogens too. The plant is considered adaptogenic as it’s proven to have a range of therapeutic uses, such as maintaining skeletal muscle and protecting the heart. Studies show that it’s slightly more potent than the rest, including ecdysterone. Thus, you won’t get any unpleasant steroidal side effects (think hair loss and gynecomastia) from taking them.
Online interest in the three untested supplements was 1.4 to 2.4 times greater than search interest in nandrolone across the three years they investigated, 2022 to 2024. The FDA, in fact, has already sent one warning letter to a supplement hawker, the evocatively named Warrior Labz SARMS, for trying to pass off its sales of MK-677 as "not for human consumption" and "for research purpose only." These compounds are so new as supplements that 375 sports medicine researchers professed less knowledge about them than two totally fictional supplements—which the Harvard researchers had thrown into their survey as controls for lying. Choose from our hair, beard, skin, performance and wellness products, and join us in your Good Health Journey. Enhanced with Goat Weed and Ginseng, and optimized with black pepper for absorption - this formula is built to support your strength, confidence, and endurance naturally.
Such results are unlikely to be attributed to the amount of ecdysterone, with just 6% of the dosage being found in the pill. Thus, the cause of such exceptional results in the two ecdysterone groups remains unknown. However, lab analysis later found the ecdysterone pills only contained 6 mg per capsule instead of the 100 mg written on the label. The results from this study are remarkable when you consider that a notable portion of weight gain from Dianabol will also be water retention due to aromatization. Castrated rats were the only group where Dianabol outperformed turkesterone, which makes sense given that turkesterone is an estrogen receptor beta agonist. Ecdysterone also increased weight gain substantially, albeit less than Dianabol and turkesterone.
We have not observed turkesterone surpassing Dianabol’s anabolic nature in humans. Research on turkesterone was first conducted by Russian scientists in 1978, analyzing its effects on protein synthesis in mouse liver. Turkesterone is a concentrated ecdysteroid that comes with a wide variety of benefits, including improving lean muscle growth. Therefore, suppression doesn’t occur after using the supplement, which ultimately eliminates side effects and improves retention of muscle gains. Some turkesterone takers say they notice minor improvements in performance and strength after a week or two. However, when buying supplements, it’s crucial to purchase from a reliable company that offers quality products. It’s simply the perfect addition to an already-effective lifting split and diet to help you gain extra lean muscle mass and boost strength.
This would only occur if human studies found significant enhancements in athletic performance. Due to its natural extraction process rather than artificial formulation, it is classified as a natural supplement. It is important to take a high-quality turkesterone product that has the active amount of turkesterone as specified on the label with no additional substances. Anecdotally, we commonly see turkesterone dosages of 500–1,000 mg/day taken by weightlifters attempting to build muscle.
There also appears to be less subcutaneous body fat at the bottom of his abdomen. He sourced his own raw turkesterone and experienced no notable changes in hormones (recorded via blood tests). We have observed mild interactions in some turkesterone users, including feeling dizzy, disoriented, or/and their memory declining on-cycle. Thus, turkesterone is not hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic, and for most users, it can be taken safely for several months continuously. We have found it to be safe, with no major adverse effects in our patients. Potential spiking of the products is possible, although the pills were tested for prohibited substances.

Pete Strock, 20 years
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Sal Wedding, 20 years
Elite female bodybuilders can take high doses of 10–20 mg; however, such users can expect to experience masculinization effects. Today, a dose of 15–30 mg per day is standard for bodybuilders wanting to experience significant changes in muscular strength and size. This is why some bodybuilders take DHT blockers when taking steroids to keep their hair thick and their follicles intact. SERMs are capable of restoring testosterone levels post-steroids, with tamoxifen and clomiphene being the most effective options in our experience. Research has shown natural testosterone levels recover to normal levels in 67% of male steroid users after 6 months and 90% of males after 12 months (21). Some people have reported a notable reduction in liver enzymes after 8 weeks when taking 2 x 1000 mg per day.
We have found that bodybuilders on Dianabol can experience an increase in vascularity. For a bodybuilder, a higher red blood cell count can result in more repetitions being completed during sets, thus being able to train for longer periods of time. Oxygen is transported to the muscles via the bloodstream; thus, with more oxygen supply, muscular endurance improves.
This dramatic elevation in testosterone explains why Dianabol users can experience euphoria during a cycle (due to testosterone having a powerful positive effect on well-being). Free testosterone is the most important testosterone score for a bodybuilder, as this is the testosterone that’s unbound or free for the body to synthesize new muscle tissue from. Most of this will be in the form of muscle mass (plus some water retention).
This means you’ll have an easier time growing new contractile tissue or muscle. Dianabol will cause a great increase in muscle protein synthesis. Size is tricky, as water weight will technically count as "size" but does it? Another nice trick of Anadrol is its ability to be used pre-workout to boost performance, strength, and aggression.
It is worth noting that Arnold and other classic bodybuilders were taking authentic, pharmaceutical-grade methandrostenolone prescribed by a doctor. This isn’t to imply that users can look like Arnold by simply taking Dianabol; as you can see, he had impressive muscularity even as a natural bodybuilder. The above user took Dianabol as his first steroid cycle. However, Dianabol poses dangers to novices due to its adverse effects on cholesterol and liver enzymes. We sometimes see patients who have taken Dianabol as a first steroid cycle, with beginners wanting significant results fast. Start with 20–30 mg/day and monitor side effects.
The body’s way of dealing with this is to suppress the person’s appetite (as a self-defense mechanism), reducing food consumption. Our patients sometimes comment that Dianabol reduces their appetite, which is due to the strain on the liver. Without this C17-aa element, users wouldn’t be able to experience optimal results from Dianabol. This structural change enables Dianabol to survive liver metabolism. Being an oral steroid, Dianabol will cause C17-alpha alkylation, which is a modification to the 17th carbon position.
Although Dianabol can decrease subcutaneous fat, it can also increase visceral fat. However, we find that the degree of fat loss is often determined by a user’s eating habits. In terms of weight gain, Dianabol will typically add 30 pounds to beginners, in our experience. In contrast, taking 15 mg/day of Dianabol purchased from the black market today may only actually be 5 mg/day due to sellers commonly diluting the product. Furthermore, Arnold’s training intensity and discipline when dieting were often unrivaled.
Knowing the right dose and cycle is crucial. Using Dianabol needs careful planning because of its side effects. Dianabol has been a game-changer in bodybuilding since the 1950s. This helps athletes handle tough training better.
A bodybuilder’s goal when cutting is often to achieve maximum muscle definition and a small waist; thus, Dianabol will counteract this. We have seen users abstain from lifting weights and still see noticeable improvements in body composition (being sedentary) from Dianabol use. Thus, a Dianabol cycle is likely to cause an increase in visceral fat and a decrease in subcutaneous fat. This is why they often have a more bloated look to their physiques, despite being under 4% body fat on stage.

Gertrude Grafton, 20 years
While testosterone is responsible for male characteristics like muscle mass and body hair, oestrogen regulates fat distribution and the growth of breast tissue. In hypogonadal patients, treatment with T may lead to regression by producing androgens, although in some patients T may get aromatized to E2, resulting in further breast enlargement.2,11 Dialysis or re-feeding related gynecomastia is usually self-limited and reassurance may be sufficient. Local tissue factors in the breast can also be important; for example, increased aromatase activity that can cause excessive local production of estrogen, decreased estrogen degradation and changes in the levels or activity of estrogen or androgen receptors. One of the primary causes of gynecomastia is hormonal imbalance, particularly an increase in estrogen levels relative to testosterone. Gynecomastia refers to the enlargement of breast tissue in males, which can be a source of embarrassment and self-consciousness for many individuals. Men are less likely to be diagnosed as having breast cancer at an early stage, but diagnosis at the preinvasive (in situ) stage has increased since the 1980s,18 perhaps owing to the heightened awareness of patients and clinicians.
Gynecomastia may also develop because of breast cancer or tumors in the testicle, adrenal gland, or pituitary gland, since these conditions can disrupt hormone balance. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to address hormonal imbalances and reduce the size of breast tissue. Characterized by the growth of glandular breast tissue, true gynecomastia is the most common type of the condition. This shift in hormone levels can result in an estrogen-to-testosterone imbalance, contributing to gynecomastia. The most evident symptom of gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue.
A 33 year old man mentioned fatigue; headaches; painful, enlarged breasts; and impotence. Overall survival is shorter in men, possibly because they tend to be older and have more comorbid conditions. Men usually are offered adjuvant hormone therapy with tamoxifen 20 mg/day for five years, as several retrospective studies have shown improved survival.24 If the tumour has adverse features, adjuvant systemic therapy (chemotherapy or HER2 antibody trastuzumab, or both) should be offered. Complications include haematoma, seroma, infection, sensory changes, pain, breast asymmetry, skin redundancy, and scarring.22 23 The most common complication is a poor cosmetic outcome.
Prolactin induced suppression of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone pulse generator may have contributed. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis can persist for months to years after prolonged exposure to exogenous androgen. Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, morning cortisol, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were normal. He had been a heavy user of androgen containing substances for muscle enhancement until three months previously.
Management is extrapolated from female breast cancer and from case series in single institutions. No prospective studies have been done of male breast cancer. Goals of surgery include removing abnormal breast tissue, restoring the normal male breast contour, and reducing pain. Almost no lobular tissue exists in normal adult male breast tissue.
If differentiating between gynecomastia and breast cancer cannot be achieved using physical and imaging findings, a percutaneous biopsy should be taken. Heterogeneous inversion or polymorphism of the p450 aromatase gene leads to increased aromatase activity in peripheral tissues, resulting in elevated estrogen levels. Gynecomastia in patients with cirrhosis or liver disease is caused by increased production of androstenedione (A) from adrenal glands, increased aromatization of A to E1, increased conversion of E1 to E2, decreased clearance of adrenal androgens from the liver and increased SHBG, which leads to a decrease in free T levels. Medications have been reported to cause up to 25% of cases of gynecomastia and they can be categorized by their hormone-like action.6,10 Type 1 medications act like estrogens and include diethylstilbestrol (DEB), oral contraceptives, phytoestrogens, digitalis and estrogen-containing cosmetics.
In addition, increased use of anabolic steroids and environmental contamination with xenoestrogens or estrogen-like substances may stimulate glandular proliferation in male breast tissue. Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue and is the most common breast condition in males. It’s important to note that male breast cancer can also cause a lump in your breast tissue.
As men age, testosterone levels may naturally decline while estrogen levels remain relatively stable. There are several factors and conditions that can contribute to hormonal imbalances and thus trigger gynecomastia. Read further to learn the gynecomastia symptoms, risk factors, secondary prevention, and various gynecomastia treatments. It usually presents as a soft, symmetrical swelling of the breast tissue, which can sometimes be tender or painful. However, TRT not always effective and can sometimes worsen gynecomastia if the excess testosterone converted into estrogen.
The rate of breast cancer in Japanese men exposed to nuclear fallout was threefold greater than in non-exposed men.14 Population based US tumour registries show that rates are highest in African-American men, intermediate in non-Hispanic Caucasian men and Asian-Pacific Islanders, and lowest in Hispanic men.10 Male breast cancer can occur at any age but mean age is 65 years. Male breast cancer represents about 1% of all cases of breast cancer, but in sub-Saharan Africa 7-14% of breast cancer cases occur in men. Lung and hepatic tumours can produce enough systemic human chorionic gonadotrophin to increase Leydig cell testosterone secretion, which is readily converted to oestrogen through increased aromatase activity.

Lonnie Woodd, 20 years
Milk thistle is part of the daisy family and has been used in medicine by ancient herbalists and physicians to treat those with liver disease. Anecdotally, we have found that such supplementation stabilizes rising ALT and AST levels. To combat hepatotoxicity, our patients regularly take liver support supplements, such as milk thistle (Silybum marianum).
Trenbolone is a powerful steroid, producing large gains in muscularity and strength. Also, we find that creatine is mainly used by natural bodybuilders to build strength and muscle size. With a modest calorie deficit diet and regular workouts, bodybuilders can typically retain their muscle size and strength when cutting without the addition of Dianabol. If a beginner administers Dianabol in a reasonable dose, being 10–20 mg per day (for men), they will experience notable increases in muscle size and strength. IFBB bodybuilders, when competing, are often seen to possess low levels of subcutaneous fat but high levels of visceral fat (due to excessive steroid use). When a user’s estrogen-testosterone ratio becomes unbalanced and estrogen levels rise excessively in men, we see increases in visceral fat (35).
Being an oral steroid, Dianabol will cause C17-alpha alkylation, which is a modification to the 17th carbon position. A common incident of moobs in men is the result of excessive chest fat, which can be corrected via fat loss and muscle-building exercises targeting the pectoral region. However, anti-estrogens are generally considered a mild treatment for gynecomastia. Severe gynecomastia from steroid use can be treated in several ways. Alternatively, trenbolone is an alternative option for experienced users as it does not aromatize. This conversion, combined with its existing aromatizing attributes, creates a moderately estrogenic compound.
Dianabol is typically an oral steroid; however, there are veterinary versions of it available that can be injected, immediately entering your bloodstream and bypassing the liver. However, liver failure remains a possibility with Dianabol and other hepatotoxic steroids. Every time you eat food, the liver has to digest it; thus, when taking hepatotoxic steroids and eating large quantities of food, the liver is becoming increasingly taxed. Thus, a common approach is for bodybuilders to run anti-estrogens during a Dianabol cycle to prevent gynecomastia from developing, rather than paying to correct it later on.
Dianabol also increases red blood cell production, enabling more blood flow to the muscles. In order for new muscle tissue to synthesize, the body must be in an anabolic environment. When a user comes off Dianabol, testosterone levels will become suppressed.
By day 5 or 6 i noticed a bump in my "fullness" looking in the mirror, and by day 10 i was VERY full lol. Dbol, 4 weeks at 50mg ED split into two 25mg doses, morning and evening, simply blew me up quicker than my friends nor myself could believe, strength and size through the roof! By day 15 I was in pure beast mode lol stuff was epic will certainly use again and again.Seriously great company with a great and ever growing rep. I will be a loyal customer until I die.
Since Dianoxyl suppresses natural testosterone, PCT is required after discontinuation. This low-dose format is ideal for first-time users or those seeking precise control over dosing. Females are also at risk of experiencing irreversible virilization side effects, which may have a detrimental effect on their well-being. This not only may reduce the results of users but also pose additional risks to their health. It is important to state that Dianabol is illegal to possess in many countries today. We urge readers to be very cautious in regard to Dianabol supplementation due to its harsh cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic effects.
However, due to Dianabol causing some extracellular fluid retention (water collecting outside the muscle cell), we do not rate it as the best steroid for enhancing vascularity. Not only do we see users’ muscle fibers increase in size, but they also repair quicker than before due to enhanced recovery levels. We find that a positive nitrogen balance also enables the body to utilize more of the protein consumed by an individual, contributing to further muscle and strength gains. This dramatic elevation in testosterone explains why Dianabol users can experience euphoria during a cycle (due to testosterone having a powerful positive effect on well-being). Most of this will be in the form of muscle mass (plus some water retention). We have had users report strength gains of 25–30 lbs on their bench press (and other compound exercises) during the first week of administration (2).

Connor Becerra, 20 years

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